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Historical context
MN 118 integrates breath meditation with the four establishments of mindfulness and the seven awakening factors.
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What is this text?
Four tetrads attend to body, feeling, mind, and principles through the changing experience of breathing.
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Key ideas
- Breath awareness develops in sixteen steps
- The practice connects mindfulness and awakening factors
- Calming and insight are cultivated together
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Selected passage
Breathing in long, they know: ‘I’m breathing in long.’
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Original-language text
dīghaṁ vā assasanto dīghaṁ assasāmī ti pajānāti
Ancient Pāli text: public domain; root text data CC0.06
English translation
Breathing in long, they know: ‘I’m breathing in long.’
Translator: Bhikkhu Sujato
Bhikkhu Sujato translation: CC0 1.0.07
Chanting, recitation & pronunciation
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How to listen
- Identify the language, recitation tradition, performer, and recording context before comparing styles.
- Notice cadence, repetition, breath, and silence without treating one performance as universal.
- Use the linked edition to distinguish the canonical text from editorial summary and modern translation.
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Sources & further reading
MN 118: Mindfulness of Breathing
Translator: Bhikkhu Sujato
SuttaCentral
CC0 1.0 per SuttaCentral licensingRead at source ↗Community Discussion
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