Historical context
The text circulated widely in India and was translated repeatedly into Chinese, beginning with Kumārajīva in 401 CE. The dated 868 Dunhuang print is famous as an early complete printed book, though the scripture itself is centuries older.
What is this text?
In a dialogue with Subhūti, the Buddha uses paradoxical formulations to show why bodhisattva action cannot be grounded in fixed ideas of self, merit, or teaching.
Key ideas
- Act without fixation on self or reward
- Names and concepts are useful but not ultimate
- Even Dharma teachings must not become objects of attachment
Selected passage
A bodhisattva should produce a thought which is nowhere supported.
Original-language text
चित्तम् उत्पादयितव्यम् अप्रतिष्ठितम्
Ancient Sanskrit text: public domain.English translation
A bodhisattva should produce a thought which is nowhere supported.
Translator: F. Max Müller (historical translation)
1894 translation: public domain in the United States.Chanting, recitation & pronunciation
[PRONUNCIATION RESOURCES TO BE ADDED]
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Sources & further reading
Translator: F. Max Müller
Buddhist Mahâyâna Texts, 1894
Public domain in the United StatesRead at source ↗Community Discussion
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